Fabrication and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of single Au@SiO2 dimers linked by benzenedithiol

Metal nanoparticle dimers with controllable gap distance have attracted considerable attention because of their promising application in plasmonics. Generally, gaps with nanometer or subnanometer dimensions generate localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) coupling effect, thus contributing to a strong electromagnetic field for improving surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. Here, we developed a facile approach to fabricate Au@SiO₂ dimers through the steric hindrance effect, in which the SiO₂ shell functioned as a block and a rigid dithiol molecule was employed as linker. The thickness of the SiO₂ shell played a critical role in improving the yield of dimers. The dimerization efficiency increased significantly as the shell thickness decreased to ~1 nm. When 1,4‐benzenedithiol was used as linker molecule, the yield of dimers was ~30%. Few dimers were obtained when mecaptobenzonic acid was used as linker. A thicker shell is associated with a low yield of dimer, whereas a thinner shell resulted in the formation of multimers and linear structures. The low number of linker molecules on the exposed area of monodisperse single nanoparticles and the lack of LSPR coupling effect (‘hot spots’) resulted in the disappearance of SERS signals of the linkers. The estimated SERS enhancement factor was about eight fold because of the strong coupling effect in the gap of the dimer with the distance of the dithiol molecular length. From the above results, SERS combined with SEM could be developed into powerful tools for monitoring the formation of dimers and positioning of single dimers. It may aid the control of assembly of Au nanoparticles and in probing key issues about SERS enhancements. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

转子振动的灰色Verhuslt预测优化控制研究

以灰色预测控制理论为基础，首次将非线性GM模型引入到转子振动主动控制中，并采用现代控制理论中的二次型优化原理，以控制力和响应加权最小为目标函数，设计了转子系统振动的灰色Verhuslt预测优化控制方案。将该方案应用于带电磁阻尼器转子轴承系统的转子振动控制中，仿真结果显示转子振动的灰色预测Verhuslt优化控制是有效的、可行的。     

夹层板的复变边界元解法

本文用全纯函数表示微分方程△f(x,y)-λ(~2)f(x,y)=0的一般解,粮据全纯函数的Bekya积分表示法,建立了复数域内的边界积分方程并针对各种边界条件下Reissner型夹层板、Hoff型夹层板进行了数值求解。     

结构形状优化与智能模型化

阻碍形状优化软件广泛应用的障碍之一是依据自然设计度量描述和建立设计模型、分析模型、优化模型以及实现三个模型之间的转换.本文称这一困难为结构形状优优设计软件的适用性.本文提出了一种方法用来动态地确定平面连续体结构形状优化过程中的边界,应用基于人工智能方法的启发式规则与技术,自动生成由设计单元法表示的几何模型,也就是将一个结构自动剖分成若干个大的四边形映射单元.这些大单元对于进一步的网络生成是必要的,同时也是向全自动计算机辅助形状优化系统前进的重要一步.     

Mathematical models arising from a survey of ferromagnetic materials under magnetisation

Ab This paper focuses on mathematical models describing the mechanical behavior of ferromagnetic materials under magnetization. Through combination of the electromagnetic field theory with the theory of elastic mechanics, several nonlinear systems of fourth-order partial differential equations were deduced. By making further assumption, the first-order approximation of the above equations was established, of which the solutions are good enough for engineering application.     

The cantilever strip plate under torision, bending or flexure at infinity

A homogeneous, isotropic plate occupies the region 0x ₁, |x ₂|a, |x ₃|h, where the ratio h/a is sufficiently small so that the classical theory of thin plate bending applies. The short end of the plate at x ₁=0 is clamped while the long sides are free. This cantilever plate is now loaded at x ₁=+ by an applied twisting moment, by a bending moment or by flexure. Despite the fundamental nature of these problems, and the long history of thin plate theory, no solutions are to be found in the existing literature that will determine (for instance) the important unknown resultants V ₁, M ₁₁ at the clamped end x ₁=0. The main reason for this is that this combination of boundary conditions leads to severe oscillating singularities of the field in the corners (0, ±a). The fact that such singularities must exist is widely known, but we present here for the first time a method of solution that takes these singularities fully into account.Our numerical results show that the values of M ₁₁, V ₁ on x ₁=0 bear little resemblance to those of the corresponding Saint-Venant solutions, which do not fully satisfy the boundary conditions at the clamped end. Indeed, significantly large values of these resultants were found at points far enough from the corners so as to be relevant in actual engineering applications. Also of interest are certain weighted integrals of M ₁₁, V ₁ which we calculate. These constants determine the effect of the clamping at large distances (greater than 4a, say) from the cla,ped end. At such distances, the effect of the clamping is merely to impose an additional rigid body deflection on the plate.Finally, we consider the plate of finite length. Provided that the aspect ratio is 2 or more, we give accurate approximate solutions for the torsion, bending or flexure of a finite plate clamped at both ends.     

树枝状界面相开裂对纤维强度的影响

碳纤维增强铝的复合材料在制造过程中，由于发生化学反应而在界面上形成新相。该相并非均匀附着在纤维表面，而是以纤维为主杆形成树枝状。本文利用剪切滞后理论，同时考虑到界面相亦有承受轴向外载的能力，分析了界面相开裂对纤维强度的影响。结果表明界面相与纤维间界面强度以及该界面脱粘后的摩擦应力的增加都能使纤维在给定外载下破坏的概率减小；另外界面相的厚度、沿纤维方向的弹性模量、剪切模量的增加却使上述概率增加。     

在线振动监测与故障诊断的一种新途径

文中由应力强度因子导出含裂纹单元的刚度矩阵,从而提出了一种有限元法.将该法用于单边裂纹悬臂梁,计算了应变响应.用时域法识别了模态参数,并考虑了裂纹闭合的影响.分析了应变响应对故障的敏感度,计算结果表明,应变响应相对于位移响应而言,对故障更敏感.本文还提出了一种判别函数,该函数对于损伤检测,比现有几种判别函数更有效.最后,给出了一种在线振动监测与故障诊断新方法.     

某大型水电枢纽坝基埋藏型岩溶发育特征及深层承压水研究

作者在现场工程地质勘察、试验基础上, 对我国西南某大型水电枢纽坝基所遇特殊的复杂埋藏型岩溶、承压水问题进行了研究, 弄清了坝基岩溶、承压水形成条件及发育特性, 对坝址选择及工程处理的决策具有重要意义。     

松质骨弹性模量计算的均匀化方法

对松质骨建立了六种单胞微观结构模型，采用均匀化方法和有限元方法计算松质骨的宏观等效弹性模量。给出了六种单胞模型的松质骨弹性模量与材料密度(体分比）的关系，与实验数据进行了对比，分析了不同微观结构模型在不同骨骼中的应用。结果表明，本文方法及六种单胞模型可以对松质骨微观结构和材料性能进行有效的模拟计算。同时本文又着重对松质骨的宏观等效弹性模量与体分比的指数关系进行了探讨。